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If the cheese manufacturing techniques are known from time immemorial the method of preparation of chocolate from cocoa-beans has been developed only in the last century. The beginning of this work rather curiously. In XVI century Dutch kapery simply heated in the sea "inutile" bags with the cocoa-beans, grasped on the Spanish courts going from the South America. In 1705 Amsterdam doctor Stephanie Blankardi has made the statement, that the chocolate drink (firm chocolate then yet was not) plays rather important role in health maintenance. From now on round a drink the agiotage has inflamed, the European countries have started to pawn cocoa plantations in colonies, but nevertheless long time a drink was the privilege of prosperous levels of population. Ritual of "reception" of a chocolate drink represented solemn enough and long ceremony, about such what is described by Charles Dickens in it В"to Lead about two citiesВ". шины летние

In 1828 the Dutch chemist Konrad van Huten (Hauten) has achieved allocation from cocoa-beans of light substance-cocoa butter. Hardly later it managed to develop technology of reception of a powder of cocoa. Soon, using results of researches K van Hutena, Swisses have started to produce a firm milk chocolate which we well know today. Туры в Грецию из Донецка, возможности при минимальных затратах.

And when in our century beginning some doctors began to say all more persistently about harmful action of coffee on a human body, scientists undertook business, and the success again accompanied Dutches. Netherlands chemist Rozelius has offered В"coffee without caffeineВ" which suited the frightened fans of this drink. аренда автобуса киев

In the modern Netherlands the basic scientific potential is concentrated in sphere of applied researches. Such situation speaks specificity of modern manufacture which can is forward to develop only on the basis of achievements of research and developmental works. The considerable group of science officers is concentrated at research institutes and departments of the Netherlands monopolistically associations. The state also has founded the centres of science called on means of tax bearers to search a way of increase of competitiveness of the goods, made by the private capital which almost free of charge uses results of scientific researches of such centres.